CONF
	03500
	AlkyneExercises¬
	BenzeneExercises¬
	
TEXT
	HEAD
			Benzene¬		LINE¬
	TITL
		Benzene Introduction¬	00
	PLAN¬

	IGNO
	Benzene is a six membered ring with alternating double bonds.¬
	CIMG	000	100	benzene¬IGNO
	However, benzene does not act like similar alkenes, failing to 
	brominate when  ¬CIMG	-03	003	br2¬IGNO is added. In fact, in reality benzene does not 
	even consist of alternating double bonds. It is a resonance hybrid, 
	with each bond having the character of one and a half bonds.¬LINE¬LINE¬IGNO
	Benzene has the character of one and a half bonds¬LINE¬
	CIMG	000	100	benzenepartial¬LINE¬IGNO
	Resonance for Bezene¬LINE¬
	CIMG	000	130	benzeneresonance¬LINE¬IGNO

	For convenience benzene is drawn ¬LINE¬CIMG	000	030	benzeneshort¬IGNO
	or perhaps more correctly as  ¬CIMG	-30	030	benzenecorrect¬IGNO
	, with a ¬COLR 255 000 000hydrogen ¬COLR 000 000 000 assumed to be at every carbon. Each carbon on 
	benzene is sp2 hybridized, and thus benzene is planar, or completely flat. 
	The following picture gives an orbital representation of benzene with each 
	carbon having a p orbital and 3 sp2 orbitals. Electrons are delocalized throughout 
	the pi, or p orbital, system.
	¬CIMG	000	120	benzeneorbital¬	
	LINE¬³
TRGT
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	TITL	Preperation¬	00	LINE¬³
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	TITL	Preparation of Benzene in Laboratory¬	00	LINE¬³
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	IGNO
		1. Bensoic acid with dry lime ¬LINE¬PLAN¬³

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	LINE¬³
RACT
	CMPD		030	000	R COOH¬
	PLUS		050	025
	CIMG		000	000	CaO¬
	ARRW		050	050	025	NULL¬	NULL¬
	CMPD		000	000	Benzene¬
	PLUS		050	025
	CIMG		000	030	CaCO3¬³

TEXT
	LINE¬³

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	IGNO
		2. Using Sodalime ¬LINE¬³

RACT
	CMPD		060	000	R COONa¬
	PLUS		050	025
	CIMG		000	000	NaOH¬
	ARRW		050	050	025	NULL¬	NULL¬
	CMPD		000	000	Benzene¬
	PLUS		050	025
	CIMG		000	040	Na2CO3¬³
TEXT	LINE¬
	IGNO
		Here ¬COLR 255 000 000R=¬COLR 000 000 000¬
		CIMG		-01	000	C6H5¬LINE¬³
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	LINE¬³
TRGT
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	TITL	Reactions¬	00	LINE¬³
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	TITL
		Additive Reactions¬		00	LINE¬³
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	TITL
		Hydration¬	00	LINE¬
	IGNO
		Benzene react with Hydrogen under extreme conditions with catalyzers    ¬
		CIMG	-02	000	Pt¬
		CIMG	000	000	Pd¬
		CIMG	000	002	Ni¬
	IGNO
		This is due to the transitive double bonds which gives benzene the characteristic of Alkene .¬LINE¬³
RACT
	CMPD		070	000	Benzene Kekule¬
	PLUS		050	025
	CIMG		000	000	h2¬
	
	ARRW		050	140	140	Pt¬	NULL¬
	CMPD		000	030	cyclohexane¬³
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	LINE¬³
TRGT
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	LINE¬
	TITL
		Chlorion¬		00	LINE¬
	IGNO
		Reaction between Halogen and Alekene is an additive reaction. 
		This is due to the transitive single bonds which gives benzene the characteristic of Alkane .¬LINE¬³
RACT
	CMPD		070	000	Benzene Kekule¬
	PLUS		050	025
	CIMG		000	000	cl2¬
	
	ARRW		050	160	120	NULL¬	NULL¬
	CMPD		000	050	hexaclorocyclohexane¬³

TRGT
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	LINE¬
	TITL
		Substitutional Reactions¬		00	LINE¬
	IGNO
		Following figures will show reactions to derive nitrobenzene,chlorobenzene and alkylebenzene.¬LINE¬LINE¬³
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	TITL
		Nitrification¬		00	LINE¬³
RACT
	CMPD		040	000	benzene¬
	
	ARRW		050	120	140	HNO3¬	H2SO4¬
	CMPD		-10	060	nitrophenyl¬³

TRGT
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	LINE¬
	TITL
		Alkylation¬		00	LINE¬³
RACT
	CMPD		040	000	benzene¬
	PLUS		050	025
	CMPD		000	000	chloromethane¬
	
	ARRW		050	140	100	AlCl3¬	NULL¬
	CMPD		-15	060	methylphenyl¬³
TEXT
	LINE¬LINE¬³
RACT
	CMPD		040	-30	benzene¬
	PLUS		050	025
	CMPD		000	030	RX¬
	
	ARRW		050	140	100	AlCl3¬	NULL¬
	CMPD		-20	060	Rphenyl¬³
TRGT
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	LINE¬
	TITL
		Acylation¬		00	LINE¬³
RACT
	CMPD		040	000	benzene¬
	PLUS		050	025
	CMPD		000	000	ch3cox¬
	
	ARRW		050	140	100	AlCl3¬	NULL¬
	CMPD		-15	060	1-phenylethan-1-one¬³
TEXT
	LINE¬³
TRGT
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	LINE¬
	TITL
		Chlorion¬		00	LINE¬³
RACT
	CMPD		040	000	benzene¬
	PLUS		050	025
	CIMG		000	000	cl2¬
	
	ARRW		050	140	100	AlCl3¬	NULL¬
	CMPD		-15	060	chlorobenzene¬³
ENDP